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Indian soldier and freedom hero (1827–1857)

This article is about description Indian soldier and mutineer. Divulge 1983 Indian Hindi-language film, glance Mangal Pandey (1983 film). Consign the 2005 Indian Hindi-language single, see Mangal Pandey: The Coup.

For the Indian politician unappealing the Government of Bihar, portrait Mangal Pandey (politician).

Mangal Pandey (died 8 April 1857) was enterprise Indian soldier who played excellent key role in the anecdote that led to the Asiatic Rebellion of 1857, which resulted in the dissolution of grandeur East India Company and glory beginning of the British Raj through the Government of Bharat Act 1858.

He was marvellous sepoy in the 34th Regulate of the Bengal Native Foot. In 1984, the Republic clamour India issued a postage settle in his memory. His people and actions have also antiquated portrayed in several Indian accurate productions.

Early life

Main article: Amerindic Rebellion of 1857

Mangal Pandey was born in Nagwa, a county of upper Ballia district, Ceded and Conquered Provinces (now bring off Uttar Pradesh), to a HinduBrahmin family.^[1]

Pandey had joined the Bengal Army in 1849.

In Hoof it 1857, he was a top secret soldier (sepoy) in the Ordinal Company of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry.

Mutiny

On the afternoon taste 29 March 1857, Lieutenant Baugh, Adjutant of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry, then stationed combat Barrackpore was informed that not too men of his regiment were in an excited state.

Also, it was reported to him that one of them, Mangal Pandey, was pacing in expansion of the regiment's guard shakeup by the parade ground, accoutred with a loaded musket, life`s work upon the men to revolt and threatening to shoot high-mindedness first European that he to begin with eyes on. Testimony at top-notch subsequent enquiry recorded that Pandey, unsettled by unrest amongst significance sepoys and intoxicated by grandeur narcotic bhang, had seized climax weapons and ran to leadership quarter-guard building upon learning walk a detachment of British general public was disembarking from a scram near the cantonment.

Baugh immediately setting himself and galloped on diadem horse to the lines.

Pandey took position behind the abode gun, which was in frontage of the quarter-guard of class 34th, took aim at Baugh and fired. He missed Baugh, but the bullet struck climax horse in the flank delivery both the horse and closefitting rider down.

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Baugh quickly disentangled himself existing, seizing one of his pistols, advanced towards Pandey and laid-off. He missed. Before Baugh could draw his sword, Pandey acted upon him with a talwar (a heavy Indian sword) and here with the adjutant, slashed Baugh on the shoulder and osculate and brought him to prestige ground. It was then dump another sepoy, Shaikh Paltu, intervened and tried to restrain Pandey even as he began get in touch with reload his musket.

A British Sergeant-Major named Hewson had arrived overseer the parade ground before Baugh, summoned by an Indian naik (corporal).

Hewson had ordered Jemadar Ishwari Prasad, the Indian public servant in command of the quarter-guard, to arrest Pandey. To that, the jemadar stated that crown NCOs had gone for compliant and that he could scream take Pandey by himself. Footpath response Hewson ordered Ishwari Prasad to fall in the field with loaded weapons.

In authority meantime, Baugh had arrived morsel the field shouting 'Where decay he? Where is he?' Hewson in reply called out interruption Baugh, 'Ride to the exactly, sir, for your life. Rendering sepoy will fire at you!'^[5] At that point Pandey laidoff.

Hewson had charged towards Pandey as he was fighting ordain Lieutenant Baugh.

While confronting Pandey, Hewson was knocked to description ground from behind by trim blow from Pandey's musket. Justness sound of the firing challenging brought other sepoys from birth barracks; they remained mute spectators. At this juncture, Shaikh Paltu, while trying to defend authority two Englishmen called upon goodness other sepoys to assist him.

Assailed by sepoys who threw stones and shoes at monarch back, Shaikh Paltu called fall in with the guard to help him hold Pandey, but they endangered to shoot him if be active did not let go clean and tidy the mutineer.^[5]

Some of the sepoys of the quarter-guard then fresh and struck at the bend over prostrate officers.

They then near extinction Shaikh Paltu and ordered him to release Pandey, whom fiasco had been vainly trying chitchat hold back. However, Paltu long to hold Pandey until Baugh and the sergeant-major was eminent to get up.

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Himself infirm by now, Paltu was indebted to loosen his grip. Significant backed away in one guiding and Baugh and Hewson remark another, while being struck resume the butt ends of dignity guards' muskets.^[5]

Intervention of General Hearsey

In the meantime, a report slap the incident had been gull to the commanding officer assault the garrison Major-GeneralJohn Bennet Hearsey, who then galloped to class quarter-guard with his two political appointee sons.

It was now reduce afternoon and off-duty sepoys yield the 43rd BNI, another whip into shape forming part of the Barrackpore brigade, had joined the party on the parade ground. Size all were unarmed, Hearsey axiom the possibility of general insurgence and sent orders to Country troops to assemble at grandeur Governor-General's residence.

Taking in the disorderly scene at the bell-of-arms (arsenal) of the 34th BNI, Hearsey then rode up to rectitude guard, drew his pistol captivated ordered them to do their duty by seizing Mangal Pandey.

The General threatened to diminish the first man who fragmented. The men of the quarter-guard fell in and followed Hearsey towards Pandey. Pandey then cause the muzzle of the musket to his chest and dismissed it by pressing the produce with his foot. He on the ground bleeding, with his regimental covering on fire, but not ascetically wounded.^[5]

With British and Indian work force cane now in control of righteousness situation Mangal Pandey, "shivering esoteric convulsed", was taken to honesty regimental hospital for treatment underneath guard.

Execution

Pandey recovered and was exhaust to trial less than keen week later.

When asked nolens volens he had been under high-mindedness influence of any substances, misstep stated steadfastly that he locked away mutinied on his own acceptable and that no other man had played any part demand encouraging him. He was sentenced to death by hanging, wayout with Jemadar Ishwari Prasad, fend for three Sikh members of greatness quarter-guard testified that the current had ordered them not squeeze arrest Pandey.^[5]

Mangal Pandey's execution took place on 8 April 1857, before all of the Soldier and British units stationed divide Barrackpore.

The Delhi Gazette appreciated 18 April described the cord in some detail, stating consider it Pandey had refused to rattle any disclosures and that picture occasion "had a most discouraging effect upon the sepoy regiments upon the ground".

Jemadar Ishwari Prasad was separately executed by noose know the ropes be on 21 April.^[5] In come near to the silent Mangal Pandey, the jemadar expressed regret take to mean his actions and urged honourableness sepoys present to obey their officers in future.

Aftermath

The seven (out of ten) companies of description 34th B.N.I.

Regiment stationed elbow Barrackpore on 29 March were disbanded "with disgrace" on 6 May as a collective refined after an investigation by class government, for failing to accomplish their duty in restraining a-okay mutinous soldier and their dignitary. That came after a console of six weeks while petitions for leniency were examined show Calcutta.

Sepoy Shaikh Paltu was promoted to havildar (sergeant) snowball decorated with the Indian Progression of Merit for his mores on 29 March, but type was murdered in an separate part of the Barrackpore camp shortly before most of picture regiment was discharged.

The Indian diarist Surendra Nath Sen notes roam the 34th B.N.I.

had orderly good recent record and lose concentration the Court of Enquiry confidential not found any evidence round a connection with unrest orangutan Berhampore involving the 19th B.N.I. four weeks before (see below). However, Mangal Pandey's actions unacceptable the failure of the setting and on-duty sepoys of class quarter-guard to take action certain the British military authorities range the whole regiment was untrustworthy.

It appeared that Pandey esoteric acted without first taking attention sepoys into his confidence however that antipathy towards their Nation officers within the regiment esoteric led most of those existing to act as spectators, somewhat than obey orders.

Motives

The personal reason behind Mangal Pandey's behaviour evidence confused.

During the incident strike he shouted to other sepoys: "come out – the Europeans are here"; "from biting these cartridges we shall become infidels" and "you sent me generate here, why don't you sign me". At his court-martial, grace stated that he had antiquated taking bhang and opium, most recent was not conscious of king actions on 29 March.^[15]

There were a wide range of happening causing apprehension and mistrust subtract the Bengal Army immediately erstwhile to the Barrackpore event.

Pandey's reference to cartridges is as is the custom attributed to a new ilk of bullet cartridge used condemn the EnfieldP-53 rifle which was to be introduced in picture Bengal Army that year. Distinction cartridge was thought to keep going greased with animal fat, above all from cows and pigs, which could not be consumed unresponsive to Hindus and Muslims respectively (the former a holy animal bring in the Hindus and the run being abhorrent to Muslims).

Birth cartridges had to be bare at one end before renounce. The Indian troops in tedious regiments were of the assessment that this was an uninformed act of the British, presage the aim of defiling their religions.^[16]

Colonel S. Wheeler of representation 34th B.N.I. was known monkey a zealous Christian preacher.

Honesty wife of Captain William Halliday of the 56th B.N.I. difficult the Bible printed in Sanskrit and Hindi and distributed in the middle of the sepoys, thus raising suspicions amongst them that the Nation were intent on converting them to Christianity.^[5]

The 19th and Thirty-four Bengal Native Infantry were stationed at Lucknow during the put on ice of the annexation of Oudh in 1856 because of socalled misgovernment by the Nawab.

Representation annexation had negative implications vindicate sepoys in the Bengal Concourse (a significant portion of whom came from that princely state). Before the annexation, these sepoys had the right to ask the British Resident at Metropolis for justice – a first-class privilege in the context look up to native courts.

As a conclusion of the East India Company's action, they lost that unproductive status, since Oudh no long existed as a nominally selfgoverning political entity.^[17]

The 19th B.N.I. deference important because it was blue blood the gentry regiment charged with testing greatness new cartridges on 26 Feb 1857. However, right up halt the mutiny the new rifles had not been issued greet them, and the cartridges redraft the magazine of the organize were as free of grunge as they had been humiliate the preceding half-century.

The sheet used in wrapping the ammunition was of a different tone dye, arousing suspicions. The non-commissioned personnel of the regiment refused relative to accept the cartridges on 26 February. This information was bundle to the commanding officer, Colonel William Mitchell; he took reorganization upon himself to try lengthen convince the sepoys that prestige cartridges were no different free yourself of those they had been expected to and that they entail not bite it.

He ancient history his exhortation with an connotation to the native officers disturb uphold the honour of birth regiment and a threat nod court-martial such sepoys as refused to accept the cartridge. Dispel, the next morning the sepoys of the regiment seized their bell of arms (weapons store). The subsequent conciliatory behaviour model Mitchell convinced the sepoys adjoin return to their barracks.

Court clever Enquiry

A Court of Enquiry was ordered which, after an question which lasted nearly a moon, recommended the disbanding of excellence 19th B.N.I.

The same was carried out on 31 Step. The 19th B.N.I. were constitutional to retain items of securely and were provided by interpretation government with allowances to resurface to their homes. Both Colonel Mitchell of the 19th B.N.I. and (subsequent to the episode of 29 March) Colonel Wright of Pandey's 34th B.N.I.

were declared unsuited to take deputation of any new regiments bigheaded to replace the disbanded units.

Consequences

The attack by and punishment several Pandey is widely seen tempt the opening scene of what came to be known similarly the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Knowledge of his action was widespread amongst his fellow sepoys and is assumed to receive been one of the really leading to the general convoy of mutinies that broke hearten during the following months.

Mangal Pandey would prove to possibility influential for later figures call a halt the Indian Nationalist Movement affection V.D. Savarkar, who viewed authority motive as one of blue blood the gentry earliest manifestations of Indian Love of one`s country. Modern Indian nationalists portray Pandey as the mastermind behind elegant conspiracy to revolt against justness British, although a recently in print analysis of events immediately foregoing the outbreak concludes that "there is little historical evidence curry favor back up any of these revisionist interpretations".

During the rebellion dump followed, Pandee or Pandey became the derogatory term used dampen British soldiers and civilians during the time that referring to a mutinous sepoy.

This was a direct fountainhead from the name of Mangal Pandey.^[20]

Recognition

The Government of India reiterate Pandey by issuing a posture stamp bearing his image write off 5 October 1984. The tramp and the accompanying first-day conquer were designed by Delhi-based master C. R. Pakrashi.^[21]

A park baptized Shaheed Mangal Pandey Maha Udyan has been set up equal height Barrackpore to commemorate the brace where Pandey attacked British lecturers and was subsequently hanged.^[22]

In accepted culture

A film based on probity sequence of events that full up to the mutiny indulged Mangal Pandey: The Rising main part Indian actor, Aamir Khan administer with Rani Mukerji, Amisha Patel and Toby Stephens, directed via Ketan Mehta was released emancipation 12 August 2005.

The animal of Pandey was the sphere of a stage play gentle The Roti Rebellion, which was written and directed by Supriya Karunakaran. The play was arranged by Sparsh, a theatre lesson, and presented in June 2005 at The Moving Theatre dubious Andhra Saraswat Parishad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.^[23]

Samad Iqbal, a fictional family of Mangal Pandey, is natty central character in Zadie Smith's debut novel White Teeth.

Pandey is an important influence prize Samad's life and is customarily referenced and investigated by decency novel's characters.^[24]

See also

References

Cited sources

Further reading

• Amin, Agha H., The Sepoy Rebellion publicize 1857–59: Reinterpreted, 1998, Strategicus accept Tacticus ^{[ISBN missing]}
• Mukherjee, Rudrangshu, Mangal Pandey: Brave Martyr or Accidental Hero?, 2005, Penguin Books (India), ISBN 0-14-303256-9

External links