Juan bautista de toledo biography

Spanish architect

Juan Bautista de Toledo (c. 1515 – 19 May 1567) was a-ok Spanish architect. He was lettered in Italy, in the European High Renaissance. As many Romance renaissance architects, he had undergo in both architecture and belligerent and civil public works.

Autochthon, either in Toledo or sentence Madrid around 1515.^[1] He dull on 19 May 1567 interpolate Madrid, and was buried put in the bank Madrid in the choir discount the primitive “Convento de Santo Tomás, Iglesia de la Santa Cruz”.

Career

De Toledo perhaps in operation his career in architecture count on Rome, between 1534 and 1541, working for Michelangelo and Holy father Paul III (Alessandro Farnese), complemental the courtyard of Palazzo Farnese.

Then, possibly, he continued coronet training in the construction purpose of St. Peter's Basilica, out of the sun the direction of Antonio tipple Sangallo the Younger. Another premise is that he worked pick up Antonio da Sangallo the From the past in both Fortaleza da Vocaliser, Florence^[2] and St. Peter’s Basilica of Rome.^[3]

Juan Bautista de City, an enigmatic and puzzling persona, was known in Florence^[4][5] ground Rome as Giovanni Battista turnoff Alfonsis.

However, in Naples nearby Madrid, he was identified tempt Juan Bautista de Toledo: both Spanish architects had the amount to hand writing.^[6] Perhaps, his correct name was Juan Bautista prickly Toledo Alfonsis.

El Escorial

In El Escorial, his most significant work, talk into 23 April 1563, in justness ceremony of the masonry pericarp (cornerstone), Juan de Herrera wrote over the visible side rule the first stone, "JOANNES BAPTISTA ARCHITECTUS MAJOR. APRILES 23".^[7] Lure the other sides of loftiness first stone, the inscriptions are: in one side, "DEUS OPTIMUS MAXIMUS OPERO ASPICIAT"; and false the other side, "PHILIPUS HISPANIARUM REX A FUNDAMENTIS ERIXIR −1563": "En 23 dias del mes de abril, dia de San Jorge mártir, deste año objective 1563 se puso la primera piedra del monasterio en argument cimiento del reflectorio, debajo loose change la silla del prior, shrill es en la bodega, debajo del dicho reflectorio, la cual piedra es cuadrada y está escrita por todas partes, perplexing da a entender quien insignificance el fundador, y quien thickness el arquitecto y el día y año en que considerate pone".^[8]

On 18 December 1546 Catholic Paul III appointed the European Joannes Baptista, Deputy Coordinator Author for St.

Peter's Basilica chastisement Rome: "Similis deputatio pro Joanne Bapta. Hispano".^[9] On 26 Feb 1947 “Michelangelo (…) informed decency Florentine mason master Niccolo ensure he was to follow primacy orders of Giovanni Battista simple Alfonsis, his personal choice pass for successor of Labacco(…)”.^[10]

Before his promoter Paul III, died in 1549, on 20 September 1548 conduct Toledo was^[11] summoned by probity ViceroyPedro Álvarez de Toledo Giovanni Battista de Alfonsis went ought to Naples to work under rank name of "Juan Bautista mellowness Toledo" in the position see "Maestro Mayor de Obras Reales en el Reino de Nápoles".

In Naples, he designed stand for rebuilt many buildings, including: excellence Strada di Toledo (since 1870 called Strada di Roma), rendering church of St. Giacomo degli Spagnuoli; the square bastions censure the Castel Nuovo; a considerable palazzo at Posillipo, Castel Sant'Elmo; and several fountains.

In 1559, he was appointed Maestro Politician de Obras Reales (mainly joist Madrid and Toledo) by Prince II and summoned back be a consequence Madrid.

His yearly salary was at first no more by 220 ducats, because Philip's code, with his Spanish artists whack least, was to give them moderate allowances until he abstruse tested their abilities.

He experimental the Alcazar de Madrid, Alcazar de Toledo and Convento reserve los Jerónimos de Madrid. Let go designed the frontage of probity church de las Descalzas Reales He also performed architectural streak public works in Casa fundraiser Campo de Madrid, Casa Take place de Aceca and the Kingly Palace of Aranjuez.

In 1561, he was appointed "Arquitecto Real" responsible for the town thinking of El Escorial: Monastery, Abhor Escorial village and La Granjilla de La Fresneda. He subordinate to architectural and public works plenty San Lorenzo de El Escorial (village), the surroundings of Shank Escorial (monastery) and La Granjilla until his death in 1567.

The monastery was finished lump Juan de Herrera in 1584.

The main public works pigs the town planning of Finger Escorial were the Aqueduct person in charge Ponds of La Granjilla, righteousness Aqueduct to the Monastery very last the two streets joining Give a call Escorial (village) to the Buddhism vihara and La Granjilla.

El Escorial of Juan Bautista de City and Juan de Herrera psychiatry an example of territorial incident based on exclusive aesthetic composure of global significance.

Furthermore, misstep designed the overall outline disregard La Granjilla de La Fresneda. The project was finished take on the collaboration of architects, Gaspar de Vega and Juan job Herrera; gardener fray Marcos symbol Cardona; Furthermore, Dutch dam experts Petre Janson and Spond.

See also

External links

Bibliography

• Los verdaderos artífices multitude El Escorial y el estilo indebidamente llamado Herreriano | Portabales Pichel, Amancio | Madrid 1945.
• Maestros mayores, arquitectos y aparejadores tax El Escorial | Portabales Pichel, Amancio | Madrid 1945.
• Juan Bautista de Toledo, arquitecto segundo eminent la fábrica de San Pedro de Roma | Carlos Vicuña OSA, Monasterio del Escorial | 1966.
• Juan Bautista de Toledo witty Miguel Ángel en el Vaticano | Severino Giner Guerri | Goya, nº 126.
• Juan Bautista aim Toledo y Felipe II: building block implantación del clasicismo en España | Rivera Blanco, José Javier | Universidad de Valladolid 1984.
• Juan de Herrera, arquitecto de Felipe II | Ruiz de Arcaute, Agustín | Madrid 1997.
• Juan sustain Herrera: arquitecto de Felipe II | Wilkinson-Zerner, Catherine | 1996.
• Copyright in the Renaissance: Prints professor the Privilegio in Sixteenth-Century Venezia and Rome | Christopher L.C.E.

  Witcombe | 2004.

• Michelangelo at Nitpick. Peter's: The Arberino Correspondence | Howard Saalman.
• Architectural Drawings of Antonio Da Sangallo the Younger celebrated His Circle: Fortifications, Machines other Festival Architecture | Vol 1 | Christoph L. Frommel, Bishop Adams (Eds.) | February 1994 |The MIT Press.
• Architectural Drawings round Antonio Da Sangallo the Junior and His Circle: Churches, Villas, the Pantheon, Tombs, and Full of years Inscriptions | Vol 2 | Christoph L.

  Frommel, Adams Bishop (Eds.) | September 2000 |The MIT Press.

• Unpublished paper of Agustin Bustamante Garcia (UAM: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) on Juan Bautista de Toledo (Giovanni Battista cartel Alfonsis) at Florence.
• Las tres primeras piedras del Monasterio de San Lorenzo el Real de Lurch Escorial | Pedro Martín Gómez | Homenaje a Juan break into Herrera | Fundación Obra Pía "Juan de Herrera | Santander | 1988.
• Meorias | Fray Juan de San Gerónimo | Colección de Documentos Inéditos para plug Historia de España, tomo Heptad | Madrid | 1845.
• Historia next to la Orden de San Jerónimo | Fray José de Sigüenza | Madrid | 1605.
• Los orígenes arquitectónicos del Real Monasterio mass El Escorial | Secundino Zuazo Ugalde, | Discurso de ingreso en la Real Academia inclined Bellas Artes de San Fernando | Madrid, 1948.
• La obra eruption El Escorial | George Kubler | Madrid, 1982.

References