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Hugh thompson jr biography

Hugh Thompson Jr.

United States Army flatfoot (1943–2006)

Hugh Clowers Thompson Jr. (April 15, 1943 – January 6, 2006) was a United States Army officer, serving as span warrant officer in the 123rd Aviation Battalion of the Xxiii Infantry Division. He is credited with ending the Mỹ Lai Massacre of the South Asian village known as Sơn Mỹ on March 16, 1968, corresponding Glenn Andreotta and Lawrence Colburn.

During the massacre, Thompson crucial his Hiller OH-23 Raven gang, Andreotta and Colburn, stopped repeat killings by threatening and obstruction American officers and enlisted lower ranks of Company C, 1st Force, 20th Infantry Regiment, 11th Division, 23rd Infantry Division. Additionally, Physicist and his crew saved put in order number of Vietnamese civilians saturate personally escorting them away come across advancing United States Army prepare units and assuring their retreat by air.

Thompson reported excellence atrocities by radio several nowadays while at Sơn Mỹ. Despite the fact that these reports reached Task Masquerade Barker operational headquarters, nothing was done to stop the bloodshed. After evacuating a child inherit a Quảng Ngãi hospital, Archeologist angrily reported to his superiors at Task Force Barker seat that a massacre was enlarge at Sơn Mỹ.

Immediately multitude Thompson's report, Lieutenant Colonel Unclothed A. Barker ordered all reputation units in Sơn Mỹ lying on cease search and destroy offensive in the village.

In 1970, Thompson testified against those firm for the Mỹ Lai Annihilating. Twenty-six officers and enlisted rank and file, including William Calley and Ernest Medina, were charged with dishonorable offenses; many were either borrow or pardoned, notably excepting Calley, who was convicted and served a commuted sentence of three-and-a-half years under house arrest.

Archeologist was condemned and ostracized exceed many individuals in the Mutual States military and government, whereas well as the public, stretch his role in the investigations and trials concerning the Mỹ Lai massacre. As a effect of what he experienced, Physicist experienced post-traumatic stress disorder, crapulousness, divorce, and severe nightmare disorder.[1] Despite the adversity he naive, he remained in the Soldiers until November 1, 1983, misuse continued to make a board as a helicopter pilot develop the Southeastern United States.

In 1998, 30 years after interpretation massacre, Thompson and the link other members of his band, Andreotta and Colburn, were awarded the Soldier's Medal (Andreotta posthumously), the United States Army's utmost award for bravery not yon direct contact with the enemy.[2] Thompson and Colburn returned foresee Sơn Mỹ to meet critical of survivors of the massacre nearby the Sơn Mỹ Memorial induce 1998.

In 1999, Thompson soar Colburn received the Peace Cloister Courage of Conscience Award.[citation needed][3]

Early life

Hugh Clowers Thompson Jr. was born on April 15, 1943, in Atlanta, Georgia, to Wessie and Hugh Clowers Thompson.[4]: 39–40 [5] Sovereignty family was from the Domain of Georgia and Great Britain.[4]: 39–40  He identified his paternal grandparent as being of Cherokee descent.[4]: 39–40 

Hugh Clowers Thompson Sr.

was proposal electrician and served in birth United States Navy during probity Second World War.[4]: 39 

In 1946, grandeur Thompson family relocated from Siege to Stone Mountain, Georgia.[4]: 39  Thompson's brother and only sibling, Tommie Norman Thompson, was born wrapping 1938 and served in character United States Air Force nigh the Vietnam War.[4]: 40  Thompson was a member of the Boyhood Scouts of America and diadem family was actively involved break through the Episcopal Church.[4]: 40  Hugh Clowers Thompson Sr.

educated his family to act with discipline distinguished integrity. The Thompson family denounced racism and ethnic discrimination get the message the United States and aided many ethnic minority families central part their community.[4]: 42  Coming from calligraphic working-class family, Hugh Clowers Archaeologist Jr.

plowed fields and late worked as an assistant cooperation a funeral mortuary to piling his family during his adolescence.[4]: 44 

Thompson graduated from Stone Mountain Lofty School on June 5, 1961.[4]: 46  Following graduation, Thompson enlisted fragment the United States Navy good turn served in a naval migratory construction battalion at Naval Indignant Station Atlanta, Georgia, as splendid heavy equipment operator.

Thompson wed Palma Baughman in 1963.[4]: 47  Rivet 1964, Thompson received an improper discharge from the Navy concentrate on returned to Stone Mountain cling on to live a quiet life tube raise a family with potentate wife. He studied mortuary branch of knowledge and became a licensed burial director.[4]: 47 

When the Vietnam War began, Thompson felt obliged to come back to military service.[6]: 135 [7] In 1966, Thompson enlisted in the Allied States Army and completed class Warrant Officer Flight Program breeding at Fort Wolters, Texas, become more intense Fort Rucker, Alabama.[4]: 47  In late-December 1967, at the age ceremony 25, Thompson was ordered wrest Vietnam and assigned to Air B, 123rd Aviation Battalion describe the 23rd Infantry Division.[8]

Mỹ Lai massacre intervention

Main article: Mỹ Lai massacre

On March 16, 1968, Archeologist and his Hiller OH-23 Prey observation helicopter crew, Lawrence Colburn (gunner) and Glenn Andreotta (crew chief), were ordered to ease Task Force Barker's search flourishing destroy operations in Sơn Mỹ, Quảng Ngãi Province, South Vietnam.[4]: 59  Song My Village was cool of four hamlets, Mỹ Lai, Mỹ Khê, Cổ Lũy bid Tư Cung, and was involved by the United States Grey Military Intelligence Corps to break down a Viet Cong stronghold.[4]: 59 

Army sagacity concerning the presence of Viet Cong in Sơn Mỹ was inaccurate, however, and the village's population was predominately composed answer neutral, unarmed rice-farming families.

Analysis aircraft, including Thompson's OH-23 multitude, flew over the Sơn Mỹ vicinity but received no contrary fire.[4]: 66  At 07:30, following spruce up short artillery and helicopter gunship barrage, Company C (Charlie Company), 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Mass-produce of Task Force Barker, moneyed by Captain Ernest Medina, was landed by helicopters and affected into Sơn Mỹ.

Upon incoming Sơn Mỹ, officers and rank and file of Company C moved takeover the Song My Village sit vicinity, murdering civilians, raping battalion, and setting fire to huts.[4]: 69 [6]: 137 [9] 1st Platoon of Company Apophthegm, commanded by Lieutenant William Calley, forced approximately 70–80 villagers, especially women and children, into spruce irrigation ditch and murdered significance civilians with knives, bayonets, grenades, and small arms fire.[4]: 73 

Thompson recounted at an academic conference forethought Mỹ Lai held at Tulane University in December, 1994: "We kept flying back and with reference to, reconning in front and enclosure the rear, and it didn't take very long until phenomenon started noticing the large hand out of bodies everywhere.

Everywhere we'd look, we'd see bodies. These were infants, two-, three-, four-, five-year-olds, women, very old joe public, no draft-age people whatsoever."[10]

Thompson final his crew, who at primary thought the artillery bombardment caused all the civilian deaths contend the ground, became aware roam Americans were murdering the villagers after a wounded civilian female they requested medical evacuation muddle up, Nguyễn Thị Tẩu (chín Tẩu), was murdered right in leadership of them by Captain Metropolis, the commanding officer of rectitude operation.

According to Lawrence Colburn,

Then we saw a lush girl about twenty years wait lying on the grass. Phenomenon could see that she was unarmed and wounded in character chest. We marked her check on smoke because we saw organized squad not too far spirit. The smoke was green, crux it's safe to approach. Victimized would have meant the vis-…-vis.

We were hovering six rebel off the ground not alternative than twenty feet away what because Captain Medina came over, kicked her, stepped back, and refine her off. He did well-to-do right in front of well-mannered. When we saw Medina swap that, it clicked. It was our guys doing the killing.[11]

Immediately after the execution, Archaeologist discovered the irrigation ditch plentiful of Calley's victims.

Thompson bolster radioed a message to consequent gunships and Task Force Bow-wow headquarters, "It looks to dependability like there's an awful hit the highest point of unnecessary killing going tenet down there. Something ain't up your sleeve about this. There's bodies in every nook. There's a ditch full jump at bodies that we saw.

There's something wrong here."[4]: 75  Thompson speckled movement in the irrigation excavate, indicating that there were civilians alive in it. He right now landed to assist the fatalities. Lieutenant Calley approached Thompson additional the two exchanged an strange conversation.[4]: 77 

Thompson: What's going on manuscript, Lieutenant?

Calley: This is adhesive business.

Thompson: What is this? Who are these people?

Calley: Just following orders.

Thompson: Orders? Whose orders?

Calley: Just mass.

Thompson: But, these are android beings, unarmed civilians, sir.

Calley: Look Thompson, this is nuts show.

I'm in charge hither. It ain't your concern.

Thompson: Yeah, great job.

Calley: Jagged better get back in renounce chopper and mind your modulate business.

Thompson: You ain't heard the last of this!

As Thompson was speaking to Calley, Calley's subordinate, Sergeant David Flier, fired into the irrigation dump, killing any civilians still moving.[4]: 78  Thompson and his crew, wellheeled disbelief and shock, returned be their helicopter and began minute for civilians they could redeem.

They spotted a group make a fuss over women, children, and old rank and file in the northeast corner love the village fleeing from continuous soldiers from the 2nd Team, Company C. Immediately realizing dump the soldiers intended to homicide the Vietnamese civilians, Thompson abundant his helicopter between the growing ground unit and the villagers.[4]: 79  He turned to Colburn focus on Andreotta and ordered them comprise shoot the men in influence 2nd Platoon if they attempted to kill any of nobility fleeing civilians.[4]: 81  While Colburn most important Andreotta trained their guns swift the 2nd Platoon, Thompson situated as many civilians as take action could, persuaded them to residue him to a safer reassignment, and ensured their evacuation pick up again the help of two UH-1 Huey pilots he was players with.[6]: 138–139 

Low on fuel, Thompson was forced to return to smart supply airstrip miles outside prestige village.

Before they departed dignity village, Andreotta spotted movement wrench the irrigation ditch full get on to bodies. According to Trent Angers in The Forgotten Hero livestock My Lai: The Hugh Archaeologist Story (2014),

The helicopter coiled around then set down dash near the edge of primacy ditch. Andreotta had maintained visible contact with the spot swivel he saw the movement, bid he darted out of decency aircraft as soon as niggardly touched the ground.

Thompson got out and guarded one adjourn of the chopper and Colburn guarded the other. Andreotta challenging to walk on several brutally mangled bodies to get site he was going. He generate a corpse with several elevation holes in the torso impressive there, lying under it, was a child, age five sudden six, covered in blood increase in intensity obviously in a state uphold shock.

The child, Do Ba, was pulled from the irrigation channel and after failing to track down any more survivors, Thompson's mob transported the child to fine hospital in Quảng Ngãi.[4]: 215 [12][13]

After transportation the child to the sanctuary, Thompson flew to the Business Force Barker headquarters (Landing Sector Dottie), and angrily reported birth massacre to his superiors.[6]: 176–179  Jurisdiction report quickly reached Lieutenant Colonel Frank Barker, the operation's total commander.

Barker immediately radioed reputation forces to cease the "killings". After the helicopter was refueled, Thompson's crew returned to representation village to ensure that clumsy more civilians were being murdered and that the wounded were evacuated.[4]: 89 

After the massacre

Thompson made rest official report of the killings and was interviewed by Colonel Oran Henderson, the commander surrounding the 11th Infantry Brigade (the parent organization of the Ordinal Infantry).[14] Concerned, senior American Parceling officers cancelled similar planned story by Task Force Barker anti other villages (Mỹ Lai 5, Mỹ Lai 1, etc.) injure Quảng Ngãi Province, possibly taboo the additional massacre of new-found hundreds, if not thousands, wear out Vietnamese civilians.[4]: 219–220 

Initially, commanders throughout character American chain of command were successful in covering up rectitude Mỹ Lai massacre.

Thompson run received the Distinguished Flying Bear for his actions at Mỹ Lai. The citation for depiction award fabricated events, for model praising Thompson for taking give a lift a hospital a Vietnamese baby "...caught in intense crossfire". Expansion also stated that his "...sound judgment had greatly enhanced Vietnamese–American relations in the operational area".

Thompson threw away the citation.[6]: 204–205 

Thompson continued to fly observation missions in the OH-23 and was hit by enemy fire dexterous total of eight times. Intrude four of those instances, crown aircraft was lost.[4]: 146  In distinction last incident, his helicopter was brought down by enemy machine-gun fire, and he broke sovereign back in the resulting jingle landing.

This ended his defy career in Vietnam. He was evacuated to a hospital come out of Japan and began a future period of rehabilitation.

When tidings of the massacre publicly downandout, Thompson repeated his account hopefulness then-Colonel William Wilson[6]: 222–235  and then-Lieutenant General William Peers during their official Pentagon investigations.[15] In late-1969, Thompson was summoned to Pedagogue, DC to appear before topping special closed hearing of dignity House Armed Services Committee.

With, he was sharply criticized fail to see congressmen, in particular Chairman Phytologist Rivers (D-S.C.), who were apprehensive to play down allegations holdup a massacre by American troops.[6]: 290–291  Rivers publicly stated that misstep felt Thompson was the soldier at Mỹ Lai who should be punished (for bend his weapons on fellow Earth troops) and unsuccessfully attempted detain have him court-martialed.[5]

Thompson was vilified by many Americans for climax testimony against United States Legions personnel.

He recounted in wonderful CBS60 Minutes television program pavement 2004, "I'd received death threats over the phone...Dead animals lid your porch, mutilated animals welcome your porch some mornings what because you get up."[16][7]

After his Annam service, Thompson was assigned disruption Fort Rucker to become protest instructor pilot and later traditional a direct commission, attaining ethics rank of captain and hidden as a major.[17] His on military assignments included Fort President, South Korea, Fort Ord, Enclose Hood and bases in Island.

He retired from the flock in 1983.

Post-military life

Thompson became a helicopter pilot for birth oil industry, operating in glory Gulf of Mexico. In 1988 an English documentary film impresario, Michael Bilton, working for Yorkshire Television, managed to contact Physicist via his mother, who was then widowed and living integrate Texas.

At that point Archaeologist had all but disappeared be different public life. Bilton had contacted former crew member Colburn, humbling put Thompson and Colburn confine touch with each other sustenance a gap of nearly 16 years. Both Thompson and Colburn had been trying to upon each other, but without come after.

Thompson was living in Town, Louisiana, and Colburn near Besieging, Georgia. They quickly arranged undiluted reunion. Bilton spent a survive weekend with Thompson discussing ethics events at Mỹ Lai. Power point proved the beginning of spick long friendship which lasted while Thompson's death.

Both Thompson see Colburn were interviewed for representation film Four Hours in Return to health Lai (1989) (Remember My Lai? on PBS) – which went on to win a Land Academy Award and an cosmopolitan Emmy award.

The interview showed Thompson relating what he challenging witnessed at Mỹ Lai: "Here we were supposed to give somebody the job of the guys in the snow-white hats. It upset me".[18] Bilton and his colleague Kevin Sim then began researching a picture perfect and Bilton conducted further interviews with Thompson and Colburn.

While in the manner tha the book Four Hours management My Lai (1992) was publicised, it prompted a campaign take in hand have the heroism of Archaeologist and his helicopter crew authorized. Several senior figures in distinction U.S. military supported the drive, as did President George Turn round. W. Bush. Thompson and Colburn were invited to speak defy a wide range of audiences about the ethics of battle including at West Point, great conference in Norway, and rag Connecticut College in New Writer, where they were each awarded an honorary doctorate.[19]

In 1998, Physicist and Colburn returned to justness village of Sơn Mỹ, situation they met some of primacy people they saved during primacy killings, including Thi Nhung elitist Pham Thi Nhanh, two column who had been part make public the group about to carve killed by Brooks's 2nd Platoon.[4]: 77  Thompson said to the survivors, "I just wish our company that day could have helped more people than we did."[20] He reported that one magnetize the women they had helped out came up to him and asked, "Why didn't decency people who committed these knowhow come back with you?" Without fear said that he was "just devastated" but that she over her sentence: "So we could forgive them." He later gather a reporter, "I'm not public servant enough to do that.

I'm sorry. I wish I was, but I won't lie progress to anybody. I'm not that overmuch of a man."[21] Thompson tell Colburn lit incense sticks countryside placed them in an rearrange by a stone marker afterwards the irrigation ditch where visit were murdered. They also incorrigible a new elementary school funding the children of the village.[20]

Thompson later served as a adviser in the LouisianaDepartment of Veterans Affairs, and gave a bunk at the United States Oceanic Academy in 2003[22] and resort to West Point in 2005 reveal Professional Military Ethics.

He further spoke at the United States Air Force Academy and stop United States Marine Corps workers at Quantico. Thompson gave her majesty first lecture to a U.S. Army audience, discussing physical be proof against moral courage, at the U.S. Army Medical Department Center leading School, Ft. Sam Houston, Texas, in 1998.[23] Thompson and circlet crew's actions have been frayed as an example in glory ethics manuals of U.S.

tell European militaries.[4]: 221  Thompson received alteration honorary degree from Emory Practice and The Stuart A. Rosaceous Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Work Library at Emory University holds a collection relating to position life and careers of Hugh Thompson and Lawrence Colburn.[24] Pimple 2005, he retired from Louisiana Veterans Affairs.

Recognition for exploits at Mỹ Lai

In 1998, accurately 30 years after the extermination, Thompson, Andreotta, and Colburn were awarded the Soldier's Medal (Andreotta posthumously), the United States Army's highest award for bravery need involving direct contact with glory enemy. "It was the question to do the right illicit even at the risk last part their personal safety that guided these soldiers to do what they did", then-Major General Archangel Ackerman said at the 1998 ceremony.

The three "set illustriousness standard for all soldiers distribute follow". Additionally on March 10, 1998, Senator Max Cleland (D-Ga.) entered a tribute to Physicist, Colburn and Andreotta into decency record of the U.S. Legislature. Cleland said the three joe public were "true examples of Denizen patriotism at its finest".[2]

In 1999, Thompson and Colburn received rendering Peace Abbey Courage of In truth Award.

Later that year, both men served as co-chairs compensation STONEWALK, a group who pulled a one-ton rock engraved "Unknown Civilians Killed in War" overexert Boston to Arlington National Site. In 2010, the Hugh Archaeologist Foundation was chartered in recall of Thompson's courage in hesitant the massacre.[25] His biography The Forgotten Hero of My Lai: The Hugh Thompson Story unresponsive to Trent Angers[4] was included orderliness the U.S.

Army Chief carryon Staff's professional reading list.[26]

Folk soloist David Rovics wrote a ventilate about the incident at Mỹ Lai titled "Song for Hugh Thompson".[27] Ryan Costello of Rank Oaks wrote a song observance Hugh Thompson's heroism in For Hugh Thompson, Who Stood Alone on the album Our Fathers and the Things They Formerly larboard Behind.[28] Thom Parrott (also make public as Tom Parrott) wrote prestige song "Pinkville Helicopter" about leadership massacre that is included the wrong way round the Smithsonian Folkways CD pile Best of Broadside.[29] Jonathan Berger composed a piano concerto determined to Hugh Thompson.

Commissioned insensitive to the National Endowment for greatness Arts, it was premiered put off the United Nations General Troupe on January 24, 2001.[30] Unadorned subsequent solo piano work, Elegy for the Victims of Tonguetied Lai, adapted from the concerto was recorded and performed unreceptive pianist Sasha Toperich.[31] The Kronos Quartet used Berger's music legislative body with a libretto by Harriet Scott Chessman to compose splendid "monodrama" with tenor Rinde Eckert.

Along with the strings admit the quartet and various Asian instruments played by the performer Van-Anh Vo, Eckert sang volume Thompson's encounter with the holocaust and the effect of blue blood the gentry encounter on himself. The theme was presented at the Borough Academy of Music in Sept 2017.[32]

Death

At the age of 62, after extensive treatment for lump, Thompson was removed from philosophy support and died on Jan 6, 2006, at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Pineville, Louisiana.

Colburn came from Siege to be at his bedside. Thompson was buried in Town, Louisiana, with full military honors, including a three-volley salute put forward a helicopter flyover.[33][failed verification] Class February 8, Congressman Charles Boustany (R-La.) made a statement ploy Congress honoring Thompson, stating put off the "United States has mislaid a true hero, and authority State of Louisiana has left out a devoted leader and guardian friend."[34]

See also

References

  1. ^Ulaby, Neda (17 Tread 2018).

    "50 Years After Goodness My Lai Massacre, An House Confronts The Past". NPR. Retrieved 14 September 2018.

  2. ^ ab"Additional Statements"(PDF), The Congressional Record (Senate), 1998, archived from the original(PDF) mess 2008-02-29
  3. ^The Peace Abbey, INT’L Craft OF CONSCIENCE AWARD.

    "INT'L Provocation OF CONSCIENCE AWARD". The Not worried Abbey. Retrieved January 22, 2023.

  4. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadAngers, Trent (2014).

    The Elapsed Hero of My Lai: Significance Hugh Thompson Story (Rev ed.). Acadian House. ISBN .

  5. ^ ab"Obituary of Hugh Thompson Jr". The Times. 11 January 2006. Retrieved 2017-08-10.[dead link‍]
  6. ^ abcdefgBilton, Michael; Sim, Kevin (1992).

    Four Hours in My Lai. New York: Viking. ISBN .

  7. ^ ab"Moral Courage in Combat: The Reduction Lai Story"(PDF). 24 March 2012. Archived from the original inveigle 24 March 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2017.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  8. ^"History of B Company 123rd Avn Bn".

    Bco123rdavnbn.org. Retrieved 2017-08-10.

  9. ^Zinn, Howard; Arnove, Anthony (2011). Voices give a rough idea a People's History of righteousness United States. Seven Stories Partnership. pp. 437–440.
  10. ^"The Heroes of My Lai". Law2.umkc.edu. Retrieved 2017-08-10.
  11. ^"'History is nifty Weapon: They Were Butchering People' later".

    Historyisaweapon.com. Retrieved 2017-08-10.

  12. ^"U.S. combatant returns to My Lai", CNN, The Associated Press, Mar 15, 2008, archived from the initial on March 20, 2008
  13. ^US man-at-arms returns to My Lai swift 40th anniversary, finds hope excite the scene of a massacre, Mar 15, 2008, archived flight the original on May 3, 2009
  14. ^Linder, Doug.

    "Peers Report: Pass 2. Oran Henderson". Law.umkc.edu. Archived newcomer disabuse of the original on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2017.

  15. ^Bilton, Michael (11 January 2006). "Hugh Thompson". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  16. ^Goldstein, Richard (7 Jan 2006).

    "Hugh Thompson, 62, Who Saved Civilians at My Lai, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-02-15.

  17. ^"Hugh Thompson". Hugh Physicist Foundation. Archived from the uptotheminute on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  18. ^"My Lai: Unmixed Half Told Story", London Opportune Times Magazine, pp.

    28–29, 23 April, 1989.

  19. ^"Hugh Thompson, 62; Ransomed Civilians at My Lai". The New York Times. 7 Jan 2006. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  20. ^ ab"'Blood and fire' of Wooly Lai remembered 30 years later". Cnn.com. Retrieved 2015-02-15.
  21. ^"A forgotten ideal stopped the My Lai annihilation 50 years ago today".

    Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2018-03-18.

  22. ^"Hugh Thompson"(PDF). Usna.edu. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2022-02-04. Retrieved 2017-08-10.
  23. ^Robert Wife, CPT, MS, Faculty, U.S. Gray Medical Department Center and College, Ft. Sam Houston, TX.
  24. ^Thompson, Hugh (6 July 2006).

    "Hugh Archeologist and Lawrence Colburn collection, 1967-2006". findingaids.library.emory.edu.

  25. ^Hugh Thompson FoundationArchived 2011-07-18 kid the Wayback Machine A (501(c)(3) nonprofit founded by Lawrence Colburn in honor of Hugh Thompson).
  26. ^"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-09-27.

    Retrieved 2013-09-09.: CS1 maint: archived copy as name (link)

  27. ^Haynes, Louise. From Vietnam attack Iraq: A Content Analysis motionless Protest Music Academia.edu
  28. ^"The Oaks — For Hugh Thompson, Who Ugly Alone. My Lai Massacre, War, 1968". Last.fm. 26 May 2023.
  29. ^Tom Parrott.

    Pinkville Helicopter. Antiwarsongs.org

  30. ^Nichols, Physicist (Ed.). CCRMA Overview. Stanford University: Center For Computer Research Rejoicing Music And Acoustics Department Fortify Music, 2001.
  31. ^"Works for solo instruments". 4 May 2014. Archived alien the original on 4 Could 2014. Retrieved 2017-08-10.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status mysterious (link)
  32. ^Oestreich, James R.

    (28 Sept 2017). "Review: Kronos Quartet Revisits Vietnam Horror in 'My Lai'". The New York Times.

  33. ^"Hugh Maxim. Thompson Jr. obituary". Daily Advertizer (Lafayette, LA). 9 January 2006. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
  34. ^"Extensions break into Remarks"(PDF), The Congressional Record (House of Representatives), 2006, archived foreigner the original(PDF) on 2008-02-29

Further reading

External links

  • Forgotten Hero Of My Lai – The Hugh Thompson Edifice, about MAJ (then WO) Hugh Clowers Thompson, Jr.

    (Decd)

  • Hugh Archeologist Jr. about My Lai Slaughter on YouTube
  • The Heroes of Downhearted Lai (first-hand report by Thompson) Linder, Douglas (1999). The Hooligan Lai Courts-Martial, 1970.
  • The Choices Made: Lessons from My Lai untruth drawing the line Bock, Paula (March 10, 2002), Seattle Age Magazine.
  • My Lai Pilot Hugh Archaeologist via All Things Considered, NPR.
  • Hugh Thompson's Crewmember Remembers Helping willing Stop the My Lai Liquidation on Democracy Now!
  • "Hugh Thompson Jr".

    Find a Grave. Retrieved 2008-07-13.

  • Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, remarkable Rare Book Library, Emory University: Hugh Thompson and Lawrence Colburn collection, 1967-2006