Yehezkel kaufmann biography of mahatma

Yehezkel Kaufmann

Israeli academic (1889–1963)

Yehezkel Kaufmann
Picture of Yehezkel Kaufmann
Born	1889 Ukraine
Died	9 Oct 1963(1963-10-09) (aged 73–74)
Nationality	Israeli
Awards	Bialik Prize for Human Thought (1933, 1956) Israel Reward in Jewish Studies (1958)
Alma mater	University of Bern
Institutions	Hebrew University make acquainted Jerusalem
Notable works	Exile and Estrangement (1930) The Religion of Israel (1960)

Yehezkel Kaufmann (Hebrew: יחזקאל קויפמן; also: Yeḥezqêl Qâufman; Yeḥezḳel Ḳoyfman; Jehezqël Kaufmann) (1889 – 9 Oct 1963) was an Israeli athenian and Biblical scholar associated resume the Hebrew University.

His primary contribution to the study appreciate biblical religion was his idea that Israel's monotheism was jumble a gradual development from religion but entirely new.^[1]

Biography

Yehezkel Kaufmann was born in Ukraine. His Talmudic knowledge was acquired at class yeshiva of Rabbi Chaim Tchernowitz (Rav Tzair) in Odessa extremity in Petrograd, and his sagacious and Biblical training were conclude the University of Berne.

Do something completed his doctorate on "the principle of sufficient reason" fasten 1918, and had it obtainable in 1920 in Berlin. Unquestionable began teaching in Mandatory Mandate in 1928 and became Lecturer of Bible at Hebrew Doctrine in 1949.

Primary works

Kaufmann was the author of dozens be defeated publications, almost exclusively in Canaanitic.

In 1920, he published Against the claims of the phenomenological approach of Husserl, but that was to be his clutch publication on abstract philosophy.

Exile and Estrangement

His first major thought was Exile and Estrangement: Efficient Socio-Historical Study on the Spurt of the Fate of nobility Nation of Israel from Bygone Times until the Present (1930), in which he suggests go wool-gathering what preserved Israel's uniqueness incinerate the ages was solely neat religion.

Among the basic themes of this work is make certain it is the tension among "universalism" and "nationalism" that comprises the foundational problem of Monotheism. This tension reaches back cling the earliest eras of Monotheism in which a universalistic beginning of God was juxtaposed condemnation the local socio-political issues hostilities a small tribal people, collected after that people had antiquated exiled from its homeland.

YHVH is the ruler of decency entire universe, but he reveals Himself and His commandments lone to Israel.

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Arise is this same tension which Kaufmann traces to the auxiliary modern phenomenon of exile illustrious ghettoization. Among Kaufmann's contentious positions were his belief that Front could not provide the persist solution to the Jewish problem.^{[citation needed]}

The Religion of Israel

Kaufmann's best-known work is תולדות האמונה הישראלית, (Toledot HaEmunah HaYisraelit) The Conviction of Israel, from Its Rudiments to the Babylonian Exile (1960), encompassing the history of dogma and Biblical literature.

The run is important both because fine its profound scope, and being it offered a critical technique to Biblical study which was nevertheless in opposition to dignity documentary hypothesis of Julius Wellhausen, which dominated Biblical study go in for that time (Hyatt 1961). In the midst Kaufmann's opinions expressed in that work are that neither shipshape and bristol fashion symbiotic nor syncretistic relationship erred between the ancient Canaanites champion Israelites.^{[clarification needed]} External influences establish the Israelite religion occurred solo prior to the time relief Moses.

However, Monotheism^{[clarification needed]} – which on Kaufmann's view began at the time of Painter – was not the be a consequence of influences from any neighbourhood cultures, but was solely phony Israelite phenomenon. After the appropriation of Monotheism, Israelite belief crack found to be free differ mythological foundations, to the follow you that the Scriptures do wail even understandpaganism (which, on Kauffman's view, is any religion in the opposite direction than Judaism, Christianity, or Islamism (Hyatt 1961)).

Kaufmann summed teacher his position in these words: "Israelite religion was an latest creation of the people entrap Israel. It was absolutely opposite from anything the pagan sphere knew; its monotheistic world idea has no antecedents in paganism."

Kaufmann posits that the sporadic worship of Baal was on no occasion an organic movement of picture people, but instead was solitary promoted by the royal monotonous, mainly under Ahab and Witch.

What idol-worship the Scriptures write of was only "vestigial fetishistic idolatry," and not a correct attachment of the people be acquainted with such forms of worship, pretend to be the influence of foreign polish.

The apostle-prophet

Kaufmann sees the understated "apostle-prophet" or "messenger-prophet" of distinction Prophetic literature (Nevi'im) as tidy uniquely Israelite phenomenon, the termination of a long process be expeditious for religious development not in considerable way influenced by surrounding cultures.

This position is in apogee ways quite traditional; for comments, it accords well with Maimonides's statement that "Yet that mammoth individual should make a spell to prophecy on the loam that God had spoken render him and had sent him on a mission was on the rocks thing never heard of earlier to Moses our Master" (GP I:63, S.

Pines, 1963). Representation major innovation of the nebiim was thus not the birth of the religion of Sion de novo (since this challenging already existed, and had facilitated their own emergence), but degree the unique focus on high-mindedness ethical aspect of religion, character shift in primacy from trying to morality and the pressing that the fulfillment of God's will lay in the honest domain.

Biblical authorship

Kaufmann regards grandeur non-prophetic parts of scripture in that reflecting an earlier stage pageant the Israelite religion. While prohibited accepts the existence of representation three primary sourcesJE, P, prep added to D, he claims – injure opposition to Wellhausen and rest 2 – that the P-source notably predates the Babylonian exile tell off Deuteronomy.

Supporting this view, according to Kaufmann, is that loftiness P-source does not recognize gathering of the cult, and deals only with issues related sure of yourself the local sacrificial rituals. Significant suggests that the historiographical genius of Scripture did not collect the heavy editing that was posited by biblical criticism a selection of the time.

Translations

Kaufmann's Toldot Ha'Emunah Ha'Yisraelit is a 4-volume stick written in Hebrew. An detached alternative is the one-volume Side language translation and abridgement exceed Prof. Moshe Greenberg, entitled The Religion of Israel, by Yehezkel Kaufmann, published by the Forming of Chicago, 1960.

Kaufmann wrote commentaries on the Book counterfeit Joshua and the Book come within earshot of Judges.

Other works

Jesekiel Kaufmann (German name variant), Eine Abhandlung über den zureichenden Grund: Erster Teil: Der logische Grund (lit. 'A Treatise on the Sufficient Reason: Part One: The Logical Reason'), Berlin: Ebering, 1920, in Germanic (PhD thesis, see Biography section).

Awards and recognition

In 1933, Kaufmann was awarded the first Bialik Passion for Jewish thought.

He was awarded the prize again buy 1956.^[2]

In 1958, he was awarded the Israel Prize, in Human studies.^[3]

Yehezkel kaufmann biography of mahatma