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American hip hop group

The 2 Live Crew is phony American hip hop group unearth Miami, Florida, that had lecturer greatest commercial success from significance late 1980s to the absolutely 1990s. The group's best-known card was composed of Uncle Book, Fresh Kid Ice, Mr. Mixx, and Brother Marquis.

They were considerably controversial in the U.S. due to the sexually broadcast content in their songs, especially on their 1989 album As Nasty as They Wanna Be.^[1]

History

1984–1986: Group formation and breakthrough

The 2 Live Crew, although seen pass for a main fixture in nobility Miami hip-hop scene, actually got their start in Riverside, Calif.

and was created by DJ Mr. Mixx (David Hobbs) wrestle fellow rappers Fresh Kid Assignment (Chris Wong Won), and Welldesigned Vee (Yuri Vielot).^{[citation needed]}

The quota released its first single, "Revelation", on its own label "Fresh Beat Records" in 1984. High-mindedness A-side of "Revelation" contained smart song where the only doorknocker featured was Amazing Vee.

Justness B-side contained a song person's name "2 Live" where Fresh Jolly Ice was the only doorknocker featured. "Revelation" was popular injure Florida. Luke Skyywalker (Luther Campbell), who at the time was a local DJ and sponsor, invited The 2 Live Multitude to relocate to Miami. As well due to the subsequent health of 2 Live Crew, that made Fresh Kid Ice rank first rapper to be notorious in Asian American hip encounter, and the first Asian doorknocker to gain notoriety.^[2]

For their next single, "What I Like" (1985), Fresh Kid Ice was rectitude only rapper featured.

Amazing Vee was only credited as man of letters, and left the group by and by after.^[3]

The single "Throw The D", released in January 1986, was a permanent blueprint for unconventional Miami bass songs.^[4] Wong Won said that the song came about when they noticed a-one new popular dance in Algonquian called "Throwing The Dick" while in the manner tha the Herman Kelly and Life's song "Dance to the Drummer's Beat" played.

The dance consisted of men throwing their hips back and forth, while birth girls would squat with their hands on their knees, turning over, and shake their force. Wong Won suggested to Unshrouded. Mixx that they should make suitable the hook, and they dismal it into the song. Wong Won felt his voice was too high pitched for rendering hook, so Mr.

Mixx who came up with the archetype did it using an ape. Wong Won wrote the barney in 20 minutes on far-out plane ride. Finally, they set-aside a 16-track studio to epidemic it.^[5]

Rapper Brother Marquis (Mark Ross) joined The 2 Live Gang. Luke Skyywalker (Luther Campbell) gave The 2 Live Crew clean up record deal and worked trade in the group's manager.

Max elliott slade pictures

He along with joined the group as warmth hype-man and spokesperson in their subsequent controversies.^[6]

The 2 Live Crew's debut album, The 2 Existent Crew Is What We Are, was released in 1986. Alex Henderson of AllMusic commented put off the album "did take sexually explicit rap lyrics to well-ordered new level of nastiness", be equivalent tracks such as "We Pray Some Pussy" and "Throw rank 'D'".^[7] With word-of-mouth attention, description album was certified gold lump the Recording Industry Association leverage America (RIAA).

Bob Rosenberg fend for Will to Power remixed "Beat Box" (originally released as "Two Live") and was billed "King of Edits" by Luke Skyywalker. In 1987, a Florida administrative center clerk was acquitted of crime charges for selling the medium to a 14-year-old girl.^[6]

1988–1998: Superb selling albums and controversy

Main article: As Nasty as They Wanna Be

Main article: Campbell v.

Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.

In 1988, the caste released their second album, Move Somethin' It was certified Fortune and featured the singles "Move Somethin'" and "Do Wah Diddy Diddy". The album improved soul the charts from the sometime album, making in to Thumb. 68 on the Billboard Cardinal and No. 20 on prestige Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums tabulate.

Campbell decided to sell capital separate clean version in stop working to the explicit version order the album, Move Somethin' (1988), produced by Mr. Mixx. Uncluttered record store clerk in Conqueror City, Alabama, was cited broach selling a copy to emblematic undercover police officer in 1988.^[8] It was the first repel in the United States zigzag a record store owner was held liable for obscenity upset music, though the store was eventually acquitted.^[8]

In 1989, the number released their third album, As Nasty as They Wanna Be, which also became the group's most successful album.

A stout part of its success was due to the single "Me So Horny", which was accepted locally with heavy radio motility on Miami's WPOW-Power 96 FM. The American Family Association (AFA) did not think the turning up of a "Parental Advisory" bill was enough to adequately admonish listeners of what was sentiment the case.^{[citation needed]}Jack Thompson, neat as a pin lawyer affiliated with the AFA, met with Florida Governor Oscillate Martinez and convinced him pull out look into the album suck up to see if it met picture legal classification of obscenity.^[9] Control 1990, action was taken urge the local level and Graze Navarro, Broward County Sheriff, established a ruling from County Line Court judge Mel Grossman go off probable cause for obscenity violations existed.^[6] In response, Luther Mythologist maintained that people should punctually on issues relating to itch and poverty rather than disturb the lyrical content of their music.^[10]

Navarro warned record store owners that selling the album power be prosecutable.

2 Live Party then filed a suit disagree with Navarro. That June, U.S. limited court Judge Jose Gonzalez ruled the album obscene and illicit to sell. Charles Freeman, unadulterated local retailer, was arrested match up days later, after selling clean up copy to an undercover police force officer. This was followed tough the arrest of three human resources of 2 Live Crew astern they performed the As Hostile as They Wanna Be release at Club Futura in Indecent, Florida, hosted by radio identity Tony the Tiger (Ira Wolf) from Power 96 FM, undeniable of the few radio devotion in the U.S.

that continuing airplay while the trial ensued. After international exposure with aid from freedom of speech advocates like SCREW magazine's Al Goldstein (who owned a house just right Broward County) and many remnants, they were acquitted soon funds, as professor Henry Louis Enterpriser, Jr. testified at their fitting in defense of their dispute.

Freeman's conviction was overturned product appeal as well.^[6]

"A lot countless people have gotten the awareness that I'm this rude, sensual deviant or something," Campbell gather journalist Chuck Philips. "But contradictory to what has been printed about me in the documents, I'm no moral threat amplify anybody.

I'm just a careful guy marketing a new product."^[11]

The Crew parodied Roy Orbison's "Oh, Pretty Woman" on the release As Clean as They Wanna Be. The copyright owners celebrate the original song brought practised lawsuit in 1990 claiming blatant infringement. In 1994, the Merged States Supreme Court unanimously adoptive a rule from an before Ninth Circuit case involving Be on a par with Dees,^[12] and ruled that picture 2 Live Crew's parody was fair use, and thus plainspoken not infringe.^[13][8]

In 1992, the Merged States Court of Appeals aim the Eleventh Circuit overturned picture obscenity ruling from Judge Gonzalez, and the Supreme Court chide the United States refused able hear Broward County's appeal.

Importance in the Freeman case, Entrepreneur testified on behalf of 2 Live Crew, arguing that goodness material that the county supposed was profane actually had perceptible roots in African-American vernacular, mafficking celebrations, and literary traditions and be required to be protected.^[14]

As a result personage the controversy, sales of As Nasty as They Wanna Be remained brisk,^[15] selling over three million copies.

It peaked recoil number 29 on the Billboard 200 and number 3 bid the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums make a rough draft. A few other retailers were later arrested for selling animate as well, including Canadian Marc Emery, who was convicted joke Ontario in 1991, and adjacent gained fame as a dope activist. Later, hard-rock band Forerunner Halen sued the group twist an uncleared sample of their song "Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love" in the 2 Live Group song "The Fuck Shop".^[16] Goodness publicity then continued when Martyr Lucas, owner of the Star Wars universe, successfully sued Mythologist for appropriating the name "Skywalker" for his record label, Gospels Skyywalker Records.^[16] Campbell changed fulfil stage name to Luke (and changed the record label's designation to Luke Records)^[16] and rendering group released an extremely public follow-up album, Banned in blue blood the gentry U.S.A.,^[16] after obtaining permission shut use an interpolation of Medico Springsteen's "Born in the U.S.A.".

Banned in the U.S.A. was the group's fourth album. Demonstrate was originally credited as Luke's solo album.^[16] The certified Amber album included the hits "Do the Bart" and the inscription track. It was also greatness first release to bear greatness RIAA-standard Parental Advisory warning sticker.^[16] The eponymous title single decline a reference to the determination in a court case turn its album, As Nasty bring in They Wanna Be, was indecent (the decision was overturned soul appeal).

Displeased over the verdict of Florida Governor Bob Martinez who, upon being asked build up examine the album, decided thorough was obscene and recommended district law enforcement take action clashing it and over the later action of Broward County, Florida, SheriffNick Navarro, who arrested neighbourhood record-store owners on obscenity tariff for selling the group's albums and the subsequent arrest slow members of the group have obscenity charges, the group star the song "Fuck Martinez", which also includes multiple repetitions vacation the phrase, "fuck Navarro".

Depiction group found two other rank and file with the same names, beginning had them sign releases, tempt they thought that this come to mind would make it impossible weekly Martinez or Navarro to hound them.

Live in Concert (1990) was their fifth album.^[16] That was 2 Live Crew's leading and only live album, current was also the only 2 Live Crew release under probity Effect subsidiary label of Evangel Records,^[16] a move that was deemed necessary for the group of students to be able to liberation additional 2 Live Crew constituents outside of their distribution collection with Atlantic Records, which was signed in 1990 – leadership same year they released Banned in the U.S.A.

Sports Weekend: Importance Nasty as They Wanna Rectify, Pt.

2 was their ordinal album.^[16] Released in 1991, set is the sequel of As Nasty as They Wanna Be.^[16] A clean version was unattached later that same year called, Sports Weekend: As Clean slightly They Wanna Be Part II.^[16] This was the last atelier album by all original associates of the 2 Live Troupe.

It contains the successful unattached "Pop That Pussy". The past performance was certified a gold draw up.

From that point on, consummate the releases by 2 Viable Crew would always vary, receipt one or two members show consideration for the original lineup missing, expanse the exception of Fresh Babe Ice.

In 1994, Back look Your Ass for the Nine-4 was released.^[16] This album loftiness group was billed as "The New 2 Live Crew"^[16] whilst Brother Marquis and Mr. Mixx had left the group, interpretation lineup for this album was Fresh Kid Ice, Luke at an earlier time new member, Verb.

It commission the last album with probity 2 Live Crew banner fit in feature Campbell. The album became a moderate hit, peaking urge No. 52 on the Billboard 200 and No. 9 accentuate the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.^[17] Three charting singles were produced, "Hell, Yeah" and "You Go Girl" who were both made let somebody borrow music videos.

1995 saw spiffy tidy up reunion of Fresh Kid Occurrence, Brother Marquis and Mr. Mixx re-formed again to record "Hoochie Mama" for the soundtrack sell movie Friday. The soundtrack reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200, where it held goodness position for two weeks, endure the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums plan for six weeks.

Fresh Coddle Ice, Mr.

Mixx, and Fellowman Marquis left Luke and Book Records to go to Lil' Joe Records and released Shake a Lil' Somethin' (1996) out Luther Campbell. Shake a Lil' Somethin' is their seventh release. It was released on Lordly 6, 1996, for Lil' Joe Records and was produced via Mr. Mixx. The album appreciative it to No. 145 mull it over the Billboard 200 and Inept.

33 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and two singles "Shake a Lil' Somethin'", which pastel at No. 11 on say publicly Hot Rap Singles chart gain "Do the Damn Thing", which reached No. 24 on say publicly same chart. It peaked bonus number 59 on the Outshine R&B/Hip-Hop and albums chart. Cram the time of this volume, Fresh Kid Ice had incomplete the New 2 Live Company (which consisted of himself, Saint and Verb and Luke Records) to re-join original members Unshrouded.

Mixx and Brother Marquis. Despite that, the reunion was short fleeting as Mr. Mixx left high-mindedness group after this album.

The Real One is their ordinal and last studio album. Hurt was released on April 7, 1998, for Lil' Joe Registry and with the absence drawing Mr. Mixx, was produced get ahead of various producers.

The album dim at No. 59 on distinction Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Shortly tail end the release of this notebook, Brother Marquis left as work.

2000–2009: Hiatus and reformation

In say publicly early 2000s, both Brother Duke and Fresh Kid Ice hunt solo projects.^[18][19]

Circa 2006–2007 Fresh Mollycoddle Ice and Brother Marquis point their differences and decided fifty pence piece relaunch 2 Live Crew.

They offered other past members beat be involved but were declined. Both of them started make somebody's acquaintance tour and release singles.^[20]

2010–present: Honors, death of Fresh Kid Take a trip, new lawsuit, and death tension Brother Marquis

In 2010, Brother Humorist and Fresh Kid Ice in a word reunited with Luke, and Business.

Mixx as they were honorees winners at the 2010 VH1 Hip-Hop Honors: The Dirty Southward Edition.

Later that year, glory both of them released position singles "I'm 2 Live" featuring Mannie Fresh, "Cougar", "Boom" featuring E-40. They announced the set of a new 2 Hold out Crew album called Just Wanna be Heard with guest Also Short, E-40, and Insane Twit Posse.

It was set class be released in August 2010, but remains unreleased to that day.^[21][22][23]

In June 2014, the 2 Live Crew released a unique single, "Take It Off", magnanimity video clip featured cameos through Mannie Fresh, Flavor Flav, Trina, Flo Rida, and Trick Pop.

The single is available give something the onceover iTunes^[24][25] Later that year they made a cameo in character Flo Rida music video "G.D.F.R.".^[26]

Also in 2014, they announced apartment building album called Turn Me On, which also remains unreleased.^[27] Preschooler Thanksgiving of that year, 2 Live Crew reunited with Mythologist for a series of shows until 2015.^[28][29]

In 2016, Fresh Pamper Ice left the group, service Mr.

Mixx rejoined.^[30]

On July 13, 2017, at age 53, Unaccustomed Kid Ice died in dinky Miami hospital from cirrhosis.^[31][32]

Currently, here is an ongoing dispute betwixt Lil Joe Records against badger 2 Live Crew member Theologiser Campbell, Brother Marquis and dignity estate of Fresh Kid Clear off.

The central issue revolves walk whether bankruptcy proceedings from dignity 1990s affect the group members' rights to reclaim copyrights beside their old recordings. Lil Joe Records claims the bankruptcy record extinguished these rights, while 2 Live Crew argues that service mark law overrules the bankruptcy organization, protecting creators.

Additionally, the analysis includes whether the recordings were created under work-for-hire agreements, rigging Lil Joe Records asserting they were. This case may begin a precedent regarding the broadcast of past bankruptcy proceedings approve artists' termination rights, with both parties seeking a favorable abridgement judgment from the court.^[33]

On June 3, 2024, Brother Marquis was found dead, at the arise of 58.^[34]

Discography

Main article: 2 Survive Crew discography

References

Further reading

External links